Whitepapers

Proteins are molecular machines, and much of what they do depends on movement. They bend, flex, and switch between shapes, and the parts that move the most are often the parts that matter most for health, for disease, and for the design of new medicines. Yet most methods for determining protein structure capture a single frozen snapshot or an average over many molecules, so the movement itself, and the existence of more than one shape at once, can be missed. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) pulsed dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) takes a different approach.